We no longer see that because all things were possible that all things are still possible.” That leads to what he calls a “politics of inevitability,” which blithely assumed that things would keep progressing the way they were, and that the future would be better than the past.” He says it blinded us to the vagaries and complex changes of the past, and “without history, we also lose responsibility for shaping the future. The idea of the “end of history,” bandied about thirty years ago, is particularly aggravating to Snyder. Speaking at the American Academy in Berlin on January 14, at an event co-hosted with Intelligence Squared Germany, Snyder said that authoritarian ways of thinking have actually been enabled by liberal ways of thinking that discredited commonsensical truth, diminished the significance of the state, and refused to admit alternatives to the liberal way of seeing the world. Yale historian Timothy Snyder thinks we in the West became unreflective, and lazy in our use of language. “How did we enter the contemporary world of polarizing politics and encroaching authoritarianism? All seemed fine after the Wall fell and communism disintegrated-until it was fine no longer. You can read a résumé of the evening on the website of the Academy. I wanted to record impressions and parts of Timonthy Snyder’s lecture at the American Academy in Berlin.

The walkman stopped working, and it got back into a short-lived existence when I stood on the platform of the S-Bahn station, waiting for the train to get back home. I wanted to record another Letter from Berlin. On a dark and cold Winter’s day I travelled to the very west of Berlin, to Wannsee.

The road to unfreedom by timothy snyder